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Beyond pacification Competition State-Making in Rio’s favelas

Identificadores del recurso

https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/2221

10.18359/ries.2221

Procedencia

(Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad)

Ficha

Título:: Beyond pacification Competition State-Making in Rio’s favelas; Más allá de la pacificación. Competition state-making en favelas de Río; Além da pacificação. Competition state-making na favelas Do Rio
Tema:: Brazil; competition state-making; organized crime; pacification; Brasil; crimen organizado; pacificación; crime organizado; pacificação
Descripción:: During 2016 World Economic Forum, the strategy of pacification in Rios favelas was recognized as the most innovative public security policies in last decade. From this scenario, and using Competition State-Making, this paper analyze, under a qualitative approach, design and implementation of that initiative. Then, evaluate results obtained after implementation, and finally outlines main lessons to extract from Brazilian case. The work concludes that their instrumentation was based on three pillars: operational decriminalization; adoption of comprehensive approach; and coordination between three government levels (federal, state and municipal).; Durante el Foro Económico Mundial 2016, la estrategia de pacificación aplicada en las favelas de Río fue reconocida como una de las políticas de seguridad pública más innovadoras en la última década. A partir de este escenario, y utilizando el concepto Competition in State-Making (Construcción Competitiva de Estado), el presente artículo analiza, bajo un enfoque cualitativo, el diseño e implementación de la iniciativa. Luego, buscamos realizar un balance de los resultados obtenidos tras su ejecución, y finalmente, examina las principales lecciones que pueden extraerse del caso brasileño. La principal conclusión de esta investigación es que la estrategia brasileña de pacificación se fundamentó en tres pilares: descriminalización operacional; adopción de enfoque integral; y coordinación entre los tres niveles gubernamentales (federal, estadual y municipal).; Durante Fórum Econômico Mundial 2016, a estratégia de pacificação nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro foi reconhecida como uma das mais inovadoras políticas de segurança pública na última década. A partir desse cenário e usando o conceito, Competition in State-Making (Construção Competitiva do Estado), este artigo analisa, sob uma abordagem qualitativa, o desígnio e implementação da iniciativa. Em seguida, faz um balanço dos resultados obtidos após sua execução e finalmente, examina as principais lições que podem ser extraídas do caso brasileiro. O trabalho conclui que sua aplicação foi baseada em três pilares: descriminalização operacional; adoção de foco integrante; e coordenação entre os três níveis de governo (federal, estadual e municipal).
Fuente:: Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; Vol. 12 No. 2 (2017): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD; 231-265; Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; Vol. 12 Núm. 2 (2017): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD; 231-265; Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; v. 12 n. 2 (2017): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD; 231-265; 1909-7743; 1909-3063
Idioma:: English
Relación:: https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/2221/2549; https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/2221/2748; https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/2221/3126; /*ref*/Arias, D (2006) The Dynamics of Criminal Governance: Networks and Social Order in Rio de Janeiro. Journal of Latin American Studies, 38(2), 293-325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X06000721; /*ref*/Ashcroft, P (2014, March 22) History of Rio de Janeiro's Military Police Part 3: Community Policing. RioOnWatch. Retrieved from: http://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=14055; /*ref*/Bank, World (2012) O retorno do Estado às favelas do Rio de Janeiro: Uma análise da transformação do dia a dia das comunidades após o processo de pacificação das UPPs. Washington DC: World Bank.; /*ref*/Buxton, J (2015) Drugs and Development: The Great Disconnect. Swansea: Global Drug Policy Observatory.; /*ref*/Cabral, S (2009) Decreto No. 41.650: Dispõe sobre a criação da Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora – UPP e dá outras providêncas, Governo Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.; /*ref*/Cano, I (2012) "No sapatinho": A evolução das milícias no Rio de Janeiro (2008-2011). Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Heinrich Böll.; /*ref*/Cano, I. (2016, May 16) Searching for an alternative to the 'war on drugs' in Rio de Janeiro. Open Democracy. Retrieved from: http://www.opendemocracy.net/drugpolicy/ignacio-cano/searching-for-alternative-to-war-on-drugs-in-rio-de-janeiro; /*ref*/Daniel, J (2015). Criminal Governance and Insurgency: The Rio de Janeiro Experience. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 9(4), 86-106.; /*ref*/DCAF (2012) Armed Non-State Actors: Current Trends & Future Challenges. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF).; /*ref*/Efe (2013, December 4) Grupos parapoliciales triplicaron sus áreas de influencia en Río de Janeiro. Infolatam. Retrieved from: http://www.infolatam.com/2013/12/04/grupos-parapoliciales-triplicaron-sus-areas-de-influencia-en-rio-de-janeiro/; /*ref*/Efe (2014, July 23) La pacificación de favelas de Río traslada la violencia hacia la periferia. Infolatam. Retrieved from: http://www.infolatam.com/2014/07/24/la-pacificacion-de-favelas-de-rio-traslada-la-violencia-hacia-la-periferia/; /*ref*/Efe (2015, May 11) Las favelas pacificadas de Río tienen menos asesinatos que el resto de la ciudad. El País Costa Rica. Retrieved from: http://www.elpais.cr/2015/05/11/lasfavelaspacificadasderiotienenmenosasesinatosquerestodeciudad/; /*ref*/Estévez, P. (2013, May 11) La pacificación de las favelas. Nexos. Retrieved from: http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=15291; /*ref*/Felbab-Brown, V (2010) Shooting Up: Counterinsurgency and the War on Drugs. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.; /*ref*/Felbab-Brown, V (2011) Bringing the State to the Slum: Confronting organized crime and urban violence in Latin America. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.; /*ref*/Felbab-Brown, V (2013, October 5) Gangs, Slums, Megacities and the Utility of Population-Centric COIN. Brookings Institution. Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/on-the-record/gangs-slums-megacities-and-the-utility-of-population-centric-coin/; /*ref*/Felbab-Brown, V (2016, March 2). The skyscraper and the shack: What slum policy should not be about? Brookings Institution. Retrieved from: http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/the-skyscraper-and-the-shack-what-slum-policy-should-not-be-about/; /*ref*/Garzón, J (2013). La Diáspora Criminal: La difusión transnacional del Crimen Organizado y cómo contener su expansión. In J. Garzón & E. Olson, La Diáspora Criminal: La difusión transnacional del Crimen Organizado y cómo contener su expansión, (1st ed, pp. 1-25). Washington, DC: Latin American Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.; /*ref*/Glenny, M (2012, November 2) Rio: The fight for the favelas. Financial Times. Retrieved from: https://www.ft.com/content/27511af8-23b3-11e2-a46b-00144feabdc0#axzz2BAeKWbvW?src=longreads; /*ref*/Goulart, G (2013, December 2) Study Finds: Militias Dominate 45% of Rio's Favelas. RioOnWatch. Retrieved from: http://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=12655; /*ref*/Griffin, J (2016, June 15) Olympic exclusion zone: the gentrification of a Rio favela. The Guardian. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/jun/15/rio-olympics-exclusion-zone-gentrification-favela-babilonia; /*ref*/Grillo, I (2016) Gangster Warlords: Drug Dollars, Killing Fields, and the New Politics of Latin America. London: Bloomsbury Press; /*ref*/Gurney, K (2014, August 14) Grupos criminales controlan campa-as políticas en las favelas de Río. Insight Crime Crimen Organizado en las Américas. Retrieved from: http://es.insightcrime.org/noticias-del-dia/grupos-criminales-controlan-campanas-politicas-en-las-favelas-de-rio; /*ref*/Halais, F (2013, March 12) Pacifying Rio: what's behind Latin America's most talked about security operation. Open Security Conflict and Peacebuilding. Retrieved from: http://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/flavie-halais/pacifying-rio-whats-behind-latin-americas-most-talked-about-security-oper; /*ref*/HRW (2016) "Good Cops Are Afraid" The Toll of Unchecked Police Violence in Rio de Janeiro. Washington DC: Human Rights Watch (HWR).; /*ref*/International, Amnesty (2016). Violence has no place in these games! Risk of human rights violations at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Rio de Janeiro: International Amnesty.; /*ref*/IISS (2015) Fresh gang violence in Rio despite pacification efforts. London: International Institute Strategic Studies (IISS).; /*ref*/ISP (2015) Balanço de Indicadores da Política de Paciﬁcação (2007-2014). Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Segurança Pública (ISP); /*ref*/Isacson, A (2011, Janaury 5) Rio de Janeiro's Pacification Program. Washington Office on Latin America. Retrieved from: http://www.wola.org/rio_de_janeiro_s_pacification_program; /*ref*/Karim, S (2014, April 16) Security or Counterinsurgency in Rio favelas? Americas Quarterly. Retrieved from: http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/security-or-counterinsurgency-rio-favelas; /*ref*/Koonings, K & Koenders, S (2012), "Winning the urban war in Rio de Janeiro? Citizen security and the favela pacification strategy", XXX LASA International Congress, May 23-26; /*ref*/Koonings, K (2014), "The Conundrum of Violence and Insecurity in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro", European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, No.97, pp.135-143 https://doi.org/10.18352/erlacs.9801; /*ref*/Klaubert, D & Kruger, J (2014). Armed peace. ContaRío. Retrieved from: http://contario.net/armed-peace/; /*ref*/Lessing, B (2010, November 1) Ciudad de Dios: ¿Un ejemplo para México?. Nexos. Retrieved from: http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=14035; /*ref*/Lissardy, G (2011_a, December 21) La otra estrategia contra el narco. BBC Mundo. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2011/12/111219_brasil_rio_narco.shtml; /*ref*/Lissardy, G (2011_b, November 14) Suben los precios de las casas en las favelas de Río tomadas por la policía. BBC Mundo. 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Análisis Político, 82, 22-44; /*ref*/Nú-ez, R (2010, November 30) José Beltrame, el Elliot Ness brasile-o. Infolatam. Retrieved from: http://www.infolatam.com/2010/11/30/brasil-jose-beltrame-el-elliot-ness-brasileno/; /*ref*/Paterson, P & Blain, C (2014) Derechos humanos y la lucha contra las organizaciones criminales transnacionales: Una estrategia imprescindible. Security and Defense Studies Review,16, 57-89; /*ref*/Phillips, T (2009, October 17) Twelve dead and helicopter downed as Rio de Janeiro drug gangs go to war. The Guardian. Retrieved from:http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/17/rio-favela-violence-helicopter; /*ref*/Phillips, T (2010, April 12) Rio de Janeiro police occupy slums as city fights back against drug gangs. The Guardian. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/12/rio-de-janeiro-police-occupy-slums; /*ref*/Ramsey, G (2014, August 22) Making Rio's Pacification Work: The Limits of 'UPP Social'. Insight Crime Organized Crime in the Americas. Retrieved from:http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/rio-pacification-limits-upp-social; /*ref*/Río+Social (2016) Quem somos. Rio+Social. Retrieved from: http://www.riomaissocial.org/programa/; /*ref*/Rodrigues, R (2014) The Dilemmas of Pacification: News of war and peace in the 'Marvelous City'. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 3(1), 1-16; /*ref*/Selvanayagam, R (2013, August 21) Rents in Rio de Janeiro slums soar ahead of the Olympics. The Guardian. Retrieved from: http://www.theguardian.com/housing-network/2013/aug/21/rents-rio-janeiro-soared-olympics; /*ref*/Turati, M (2012, March 12) El "milagro" brasile-o anticrimen. Proceso. Retrieved from: http://www.proceso.com.mx/300755/el-milagro-brasileno-anticrimen-2; /*ref*/UCDP (2016) Amigos dos Amigos - Comando Vermelho. UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Retrieved from: http://ucdp.uu.se/#/nonstate/12635; /*ref*/UPP (2016) O Que É. UPP-Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora. Retrieved from: http://www.upprj.com/index.php/o_que_e_upp; /*ref*/Vigna, A (2015, Janaury 26) Homicidios policiales en Brasil: violencia legalizada. Insight Crime Crimen Organizado en las Américas. Retrieved from: http://es.insightcrime.org/analisis/homicidios-policiales-brasil-violencia-legalizada; /*ref*/Villalobos, J (2015, Janaury 10) Bandidos, Estado y ciudadanía. Nexos. Retrieved from: http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=23788
Autor/Productor:: Arratia Sandoval, Esteban
Editor:: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
Derechos:: Derechos de autor 2017 Revista de relaciones internacionales, estrategia y seguridad
Fecha:: 2017-05-30
Tipo de recurso:: info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Formato:: application/pdf; application/xml

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  1. < subfield label =" a " > Más allá de la pacificación. Competition state-making en favelas de Río </ subfield >
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6. < varfield i1 =" 1 " i2 =" " id =" 100 " >
  1. < subfield label =" a " > Arratia Sandoval, Esteban </ subfield >
  2. < subfield label =" u " > Academia Nacional de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos (ANEPE) </ subfield >
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7. < varfield i1 =" " i2 =" " id =" 520 " >
  1. < subfield label =" a " > During 2016 World Economic Forum, the strategy of pacification in Rios favelas was recognized as the most innovative public security policies in last decade. From this scenario, and using Competition State-Making, this paper analyze, under a qualitative approach, design and implementation of that initiative. Then, evaluate results obtained after implementation, and finally outlines main lessons to extract from Brazilian case. The work concludes that their instrumentation was based on three pillars: operational decriminalization; adoption of comprehensive approach; and coordination between three government levels (federal, state and municipal). </ subfield >
  </ varfield >
8. < varfield i1 =" " i2 =" " id =" 260 " >
  1. < subfield label =" b " > Universidad Militar Nueva Granada </ subfield >
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  1. < subfield label =" c " > 2017-05-30 00:00:00 </ subfield >
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  1. < subfield label =" u " > https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/2221 </ subfield >
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  1. < subfield label =" n " > Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; Vol. 12 Núm. 2 (2017): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD </ subfield >
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  1. < subfield label =" a " > Derechos de autor 2017 Revista de relaciones internacionales, estrategia y seguridad </ subfield >
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rfc1807

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< rfc1807 schemaLocation =" http://info.internet.isi.edu:80/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1807.txt http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/1.1/rfc1807.xsd " >
1. < bib-version > v2 </ bib-version >
2. < id > https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/2221 </ id >
3. < entry > 2021-07-21T07:12:44Z </ entry >
4. < organization > Universidad Militar Nueva Granada </ organization >
5. < organization > Vol. 12 Núm. 2 (2017): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD; 231-265 </ organization >
6. < title > Más allá de la pacificación. Competition state-making en favelas de Río </ title >
7. < type />
8. < author > Arratia Sandoval, Esteban; Academia Nacional de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos (ANEPE) </ author >
9. < date > 2017-05-30 </ date >
10. < copyright />
11. < other_access > url:https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/2221 </ other_access >
12. < keyword > Brasil </ keyword >
13. < keyword > competition state-making </ keyword >
14. < keyword > crimen organizado </ keyword >
15. < keyword > pacificación </ keyword >
16. < language > en_US </ language >
17. < abstract > Durante el Foro Económico Mundial 2016, la estrategia de pacificación aplicada en las favelas de Río fue reconocida como una de las políticas de seguridad pública más innovadoras en la última década. A partir de este escenario, y utilizando el concepto Competition in State-Making (Construcción Competitiva de Estado), el presente artículo analiza, bajo un enfoque cualitativo, el diseño e implementación de la iniciativa. Luego, buscamos realizar un balance de los resultados obtenidos tras su ejecución, y finalmente, examina las principales lecciones que pueden extraerse del caso brasileño. La principal conclusión de esta investigación es que la estrategia brasileña de pacificación se fundamentó en tres pilares: descriminalización operacional; adopción de enfoque integral; y coordinación entre los tres niveles gubernamentales (federal, estadual y municipal). </ abstract >
</ rfc1807 >