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Airpower and the concept of centers of gravity: The battle of Britain as a case study

Identificadores del recurso

https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/view/637

10.21830/19006586.637

Procedencia

(Revista científica General José María Córdova)

Ficha

Título:: Airpower and the concept of centers of gravity: The battle of Britain as a case study; Poder aéreo y el concepto de centros de gravedad: La Batalla de Inglaterra como estudio de caso
Tema:: Battle of Britain; centers of gravity; critical capabilities; critical requirements; critical vulnerabilities; military doctrine; Batalla de Inglaterra; capacidades críticas; centros de gravedad; doctrina militar; requisitos críticos; vulnerabilidades críticas
Descripción:: The Battle of Britain is one of the most important military events of the Second World War. Different approaches have been used to study it and understand the rationale behind Britain’s and Nazi Germany’s strategy. However, the use of warfare concepts, such as centers of gravity and its contemporary meaning, to scrutinize the planning and prosecution of the battle have not been as prolific. This article aims to contribute to the debate by maintaining that the concept of Centers of Gravity provides an advantageous framework that facilitates the understanding of the mindset and development of the battle in terms of critical capabilities, requirements, and vulnerabilities required to win.; La Batalla de Inglaterra es uno de los eventos militares más importantes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Se han utilizado diferentes enfoques para estudiarla y comprender el fundamento de la estrategia de Gran Bretaña y la Alemania nazi. Sin embargo, el uso de conceptos de guerra, como los centros de gravedad y su definición contemporánea, para escrutar la planificación y el desarrollo de la batalla no han sido tan prolíficos. Este artículo pretende contribuir al debate, manteniendo que el concepto de centros de gravedad proporciona un marco ventajoso que facilita entender la postura y el desarrollo de la batalla en términos de las capacidades, los requisitos y las vulnerabilidades críticas necesarias para ganar.
Fuente:: Revista Cientifica General Jose Maria Cordova; Vol. 18 No. 31 (2020): Dilemmas of changing security and defense scenarios; 483-494; Revista Científica General José María Córdova; Vol. 18 Núm. 31 (2020): Dilemas de los escenarios cambiantes en seguridad y defensa ; 483-494; Revista Científica General José María Córdova; Vol. 18 No 31 (2020): Dilemas de los escenarios cambiantes en seguridad y defensa ; 483-494; Revista Científica General José María Córdova; v. 18 n. 31 (2020): Dilemas de los escenarios cambiantes en seguridad y defensa ; 483-494; 2500-7645; 1900-6586
Idioma:: English; Spanish; Castilian
Relación:: https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/view/637/698; https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/view/637/702; https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/view/637/1145; /*ref*/Anderson Jr, W. (2004). Where You Sit and Centers of Gravity: Bridging the Gap Between Army and Air Force Perspectives. U.S. Naval War College.; /*ref*/Barley, P. (2004). Defence Studies Contributing to its Own Defeat: The Luftwaffe and the Battle of Britain. Defence Studies, 4(3), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/1470243042000344812; /*ref*/Bergström, C. (2015). The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited. Casemate.; /*ref*/Bishop, P. (2013). Battle of Britain : a day-by-day chronicle, 10 July 1940 to 31 October 1940. Quercus Editions Ltd.; /*ref*/Bungay, S. (2010). The most dangerous enemy : a history of the Battle of Britain. Aurum Press Ltd.; /*ref*/Clausewitz, C. von. (1976). On War (M. Howard & P. Paret (eds.)). Oxford University Press.; /*ref*/Cox, S. (2015). British strategy in a certain eventuality. Air Power Review, Summer, 12–39.; /*ref*/Dixon, J. (2008). Dowding and Churchill: The Dark Side of the Battle of Britain. Pen & Sword Books Ltd.; /*ref*/Echevarria, A. J. (2003). Clausewitz’s center of gravity: It’s not what we thought. Naval War College Review, 56(1), 108–123.; /*ref*/Eikmeier, D. C. (2004). Center of Gravity Analysis. Military Review, July-August, 2–5.; /*ref*/Fuhrer and Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. (1939). Directive No.1. High Command of the Wehrmacht.; /*ref*/Fuhrer and Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. (1940a). Directive No.16. High Command of the Wehrmacht.; /*ref*/Fuhrer and Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. (1940b). Directive No.17. High Command of the Wehrmacht.; /*ref*/Gelb, N. (2018). Scramble: A Narrative History of the Battle of Britain. Sharpe Books.; /*ref*/Goulter, C. (2006). The Battle of Britain: The Air Perspective. RUSI. https://rusi.org/commentary/battle-bri¬tain-air-perspective; /*ref*/Gropman, A. (1971). The Battle of Britain and the principles of war. Aerospace Historian, 18(3), 138–144.; /*ref*/Holland, J. (2011). The Battle of Britain : five months that changed history, May-October 1940. St. Martin’s Press.; /*ref*/Holland, J. (2015). It’s time to shatter the myths of the Battle of Britain. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/battle-of-britain/11866425/Its-time-to-shatter-the-myths-of-the-Battle-of-Britain.html; /*ref*/Horne, A. (2012). To lose a battle : France 1940. Macmillan.; /*ref*/Iron, R. (2001). What Clausewitz (Really) Meant by ’Centre of Gravity. Defence Studies, 1(3), 109–112. ht-tps://doi.org/10.1080/714000041; /*ref*/Jones, E., Woolven, R., Durodié, B., & Wessely, S. (2004). Civilian Morale During the Second World War: Responses to Air Raids Re-examined. Social History of Medicine, 17(3), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/17.3.463; /*ref*/Korda, M. (2009). With wings like eagles : a history of the Battle of Britain. Harper.; /*ref*/Lorenz, O. (1988). The Battle of Britain: An Analysis in Terms of Center of Gravity, Culminating Point, Fog, Friction and the Stronger Form of War [United States Army Command and General Staff College]. http:// spitfirevsbf109.com/files/a215722.pdf; /*ref*/Maiolo, J. (1998). The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 1933-39 : a study in appeasement and the origins of the Second World War. Macmillan.; /*ref*/Marich, L. (1995). Centers of Gravity in OOTW: A Useful Tool or Just a Black Hole? U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.; /*ref*/Mason, F. K. (1990). Battle over Britain : a history of German air assaults on Great Britain, 1917-18 and and July-December 1940, and of the development of Britain’s air defences between the World Wars. Aston.; /*ref*/McCanne, R., Olson, G., & Teicher, D. (2002). Operation Sea Lion: a joint critical analysis [Joint Forces Staff College]. https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a421637.pdf; /*ref*/Ousby, I. (1999). Occupation : the ordeal of France, 1940-1944. Pimlico.; /*ref*/Overy, R. (2010). The Battle of Britain : myth and reality. Penguin.; /*ref*/Pape, R. A. (1996). Bombing to win: air power and coercion in war. Cornell University Press.; /*ref*/Robinson, D. (2005). Invasion, 1940 : the truth about the Battle of Britain and what stopped Hitler. Carroll & Graf.; /*ref*/Royal Air Force Museum. (2019). Introduction to the phases of the Battle of Britain. The Battle of Britain. https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/online-exhibitions/history-of-the-battle-of-britain/introduction-to-the-phases-of-the-battle-of-britain.aspx; /*ref*/Sele, R. K. (2004). Engaging Civil Centers of Gravity and Vulnerabilities. Military Review, 84(5), 32–40.; /*ref*/Shields, J. (2015). The Battle of Britain: A not so narrow margin. Air Power Review, Summer, 182–196.; /*ref*/Strange, J. (1996). Centers of Gravity & Critical Vulnerabilities: Building on the Clausewitzian Foundation So That We Can All Speak the Same Language. U.S. Marine Corps War College.; /*ref*/Strange, J. L., & Iron, R. (2004). Center of Gravity: What Clausewitz Really Meant. Joint Force Quarterly, 35, 20–27. https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA520980; /*ref*/Taylor, T. (1967). The Breaking Wave: The German Defeat in the Summer of 1940. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.; /*ref*/U.S. Department of Defense. (2019). DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/; /*ref*/UK Ministry of Defence. (2013). AJP-5 Allied Joint Doctrine for Operational-Level Planning. UK MoD.; /*ref*/UK Ministry of Defence. (2017). Joint Doctrine Publication 0-30: UK Air and Space Power. UK MoD.; /*ref*/UK Ministry of Defence. (2019). Allied joint doctrine for operational level planning (AJP-5). UK MoD.
Autor/Productor:: Arango Calderón, Ingrid Yuliana; Pedraza Mariño, Carolina
Editor:: Sello Editorial ESMIC - Escuela Militar de Cadetes "General José María Córdova"
Derechos:: Derechos de autor 2020 Revista Científica General José María Córdova; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Fecha:: 2020-07-01
Tipo de recurso:: info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion; Peer-reviewed article; Articulo revisado por pares
Formato:: application/pdf; text/xml

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1. < dc:title lang =" en-US " > Airpower and the concept of centers of gravity: The battle of Britain as a case study </ dc:title >
2. < dc:title lang =" es-ES " > Poder aéreo y el concepto de centros de gravedad: La Batalla de Inglaterra como estudio de caso </ dc:title >
3. < dc:creator > Arango Calderón, Ingrid Yuliana </ dc:creator >
4. < dc:creator > Pedraza Mariño, Carolina </ dc:creator >
5. < dc:subject lang =" en-US " > Battle of Britain </ dc:subject >
6. < dc:subject lang =" en-US " > centers of gravity </ dc:subject >
7. < dc:subject lang =" en-US " > critical capabilities </ dc:subject >
8. < dc:subject lang =" en-US " > critical requirements </ dc:subject >
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10. < dc:subject lang =" en-US " > military doctrine </ dc:subject >
11. < dc:subject lang =" es-ES " > Batalla de Inglaterra </ dc:subject >
12. < dc:subject lang =" es-ES " > capacidades críticas </ dc:subject >
13. < dc:subject lang =" es-ES " > centros de gravedad </ dc:subject >
14. < dc:subject lang =" es-ES " > doctrina militar </ dc:subject >
15. < dc:subject lang =" es-ES " > requisitos críticos </ dc:subject >
16. < dc:subject lang =" es-ES " > vulnerabilidades críticas </ dc:subject >
17. < dc:description lang =" en-US " > The Battle of Britain is one of the most important military events of the Second World War. Different approaches have been used to study it and understand the rationale behind Britain’s and Nazi Germany’s strategy. However, the use of warfare concepts, such as centers of gravity and its contemporary meaning, to scrutinize the planning and prosecution of the battle have not been as prolific. This article aims to contribute to the debate by maintaining that the concept of Centers of Gravity provides an advantageous framework that facilitates the understanding of the mindset and development of the battle in terms of critical capabilities, requirements, and vulnerabilities required to win. </ dc:description >
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40. < dc:relation > https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/view/637/1145 </ dc:relation >
41. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Anderson Jr, W. (2004). Where You Sit and Centers of Gravity: Bridging the Gap Between Army and Air Force Perspectives. U.S. Naval War College. </ dc:relation >
42. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Barley, P. (2004). Defence Studies Contributing to its Own Defeat: The Luftwaffe and the Battle of Britain. Defence Studies, 4(3), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/1470243042000344812 </ dc:relation >
43. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Bergström, C. (2015). The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited. Casemate. </ dc:relation >
44. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Bishop, P. (2013). Battle of Britain : a day-by-day chronicle, 10 July 1940 to 31 October 1940. Quercus Editions Ltd. </ dc:relation >
45. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Bungay, S. (2010). The most dangerous enemy : a history of the Battle of Britain. Aurum Press Ltd. </ dc:relation >
46. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Clausewitz, C. von. (1976). On War (M. Howard & P. Paret (eds.)). Oxford University Press. </ dc:relation >
47. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Cox, S. (2015). British strategy in a certain eventuality. Air Power Review, Summer, 12–39. </ dc:relation >
48. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Dixon, J. (2008). Dowding and Churchill: The Dark Side of the Battle of Britain. Pen & Sword Books Ltd. </ dc:relation >
49. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Echevarria, A. J. (2003). Clausewitz’s center of gravity: It’s not what we thought. Naval War College Review, 56(1), 108–123. </ dc:relation >
50. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Eikmeier, D. C. (2004). Center of Gravity Analysis. Military Review, July-August, 2–5. </ dc:relation >
51. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Fuhrer and Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. (1939). Directive No.1. High Command of the Wehrmacht. </ dc:relation >
52. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Fuhrer and Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. (1940a). Directive No.16. High Command of the Wehrmacht. </ dc:relation >
53. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Fuhrer and Supreme Commander of Armed Forces. (1940b). Directive No.17. High Command of the Wehrmacht. </ dc:relation >
54. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Gelb, N. (2018). Scramble: A Narrative History of the Battle of Britain. Sharpe Books. </ dc:relation >
55. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Goulter, C. (2006). The Battle of Britain: The Air Perspective. RUSI. https://rusi.org/commentary/battle-bri¬tain-air-perspective </ dc:relation >
56. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Gropman, A. (1971). The Battle of Britain and the principles of war. Aerospace Historian, 18(3), 138–144. </ dc:relation >
57. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Holland, J. (2011). The Battle of Britain : five months that changed history, May-October 1940. St. Martin’s Press. </ dc:relation >
58. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Holland, J. (2015). It’s time to shatter the myths of the Battle of Britain. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/battle-of-britain/11866425/Its-time-to-shatter-the-myths-of-the-Battle-of-Britain.html </ dc:relation >
59. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Horne, A. (2012). To lose a battle : France 1940. Macmillan. </ dc:relation >
60. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Iron, R. (2001). What Clausewitz (Really) Meant by ’Centre of Gravity. Defence Studies, 1(3), 109–112. ht-tps://doi.org/10.1080/714000041 </ dc:relation >
61. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Jones, E., Woolven, R., Durodié, B., & Wessely, S. (2004). Civilian Morale During the Second World War: Responses to Air Raids Re-examined. Social History of Medicine, 17(3), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/17.3.463 </ dc:relation >
62. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Korda, M. (2009). With wings like eagles : a history of the Battle of Britain. Harper. </ dc:relation >
63. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Lorenz, O. (1988). The Battle of Britain: An Analysis in Terms of Center of Gravity, Culminating Point, Fog, Friction and the Stronger Form of War [United States Army Command and General Staff College]. http:// spitfirevsbf109.com/files/a215722.pdf </ dc:relation >
64. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Maiolo, J. (1998). The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 1933-39 : a study in appeasement and the origins of the Second World War. Macmillan. </ dc:relation >
65. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Marich, L. (1995). Centers of Gravity in OOTW: A Useful Tool or Just a Black Hole? U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. </ dc:relation >
66. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Mason, F. K. (1990). Battle over Britain : a history of German air assaults on Great Britain, 1917-18 and and July-December 1940, and of the development of Britain’s air defences between the World Wars. Aston. </ dc:relation >
67. < dc:relation > /*ref*/McCanne, R., Olson, G., & Teicher, D. (2002). Operation Sea Lion: a joint critical analysis [Joint Forces Staff College]. https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a421637.pdf </ dc:relation >
68. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Ousby, I. (1999). Occupation : the ordeal of France, 1940-1944. Pimlico. </ dc:relation >
69. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Overy, R. (2010). The Battle of Britain : myth and reality. Penguin. </ dc:relation >
70. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Pape, R. A. (1996). Bombing to win: air power and coercion in war. Cornell University Press. </ dc:relation >
71. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Robinson, D. (2005). Invasion, 1940 : the truth about the Battle of Britain and what stopped Hitler. Carroll & Graf. </ dc:relation >
72. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Royal Air Force Museum. (2019). Introduction to the phases of the Battle of Britain. The Battle of Britain. https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/online-exhibitions/history-of-the-battle-of-britain/introduction-to-the-phases-of-the-battle-of-britain.aspx </ dc:relation >
73. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Sele, R. K. (2004). Engaging Civil Centers of Gravity and Vulnerabilities. Military Review, 84(5), 32–40. </ dc:relation >
74. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Shields, J. (2015). The Battle of Britain: A not so narrow margin. Air Power Review, Summer, 182–196. </ dc:relation >
75. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Strange, J. (1996). Centers of Gravity & Critical Vulnerabilities: Building on the Clausewitzian Foundation So That We Can All Speak the Same Language. U.S. Marine Corps War College. </ dc:relation >
76. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Strange, J. L., & Iron, R. (2004). Center of Gravity: What Clausewitz Really Meant. Joint Force Quarterly, 35, 20–27. https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA520980 </ dc:relation >
77. < dc:relation > /*ref*/Taylor, T. (1967). The Breaking Wave: The German Defeat in the Summer of 1940. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. </ dc:relation >
78. < dc:relation > /*ref*/U.S. Department of Defense. (2019). DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/ </ dc:relation >
79. < dc:relation > /*ref*/UK Ministry of Defence. (2013). AJP-5 Allied Joint Doctrine for Operational-Level Planning. UK MoD. </ dc:relation >
80. < dc:relation > /*ref*/UK Ministry of Defence. (2017). Joint Doctrine Publication 0-30: UK Air and Space Power. UK MoD. </ dc:relation >
81. < dc:relation > /*ref*/UK Ministry of Defence. (2019). Allied joint doctrine for operational level planning (AJP-5). UK MoD. </ dc:relation >
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6. < title > Poder aéreo y el concepto de centros de gravedad </ title >
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